{"id":1304,"date":"2025-03-25T13:45:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-25T13:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/?p=1304"},"modified":"2025-03-25T21:58:48","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T21:58:48","slug":"iphones-and-co2-how-buying-second-hand-can-cut-your-carbon-footprint","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/iphones-and-co2-how-buying-second-hand-can-cut-your-carbon-footprint\/","title":{"rendered":"iPhones and CO2: how buying second-hand can cut your carbon footprint"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">With over 46 different models, it\u2019s no surprise that iPhones are everywhere. But how environmentally friendly is the process of making them?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You can buy a new one from a shop, pick up a used one online, or grab one from that drawer full of them in the kitchen. Mobile phones are everywhere; you can\u2019t escape their radiation, yet companies keep on making more. Regardless of how you got hold of your current blower, the journey from quarry to pocket is an environmentally devastating one.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2666389921001884\">study by Lancaster University<\/a>, the information and communications technology sector could amount to as much as 2.8% of the current global greenhouse emissions, rising to as much as 3.9% in the coming years. That takes into consideration everything from AI infrastructure to smartwatch production. To put this in perspective, <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/global-aviation-emissions#:~:text=Aviation%20accounts%20for%202.5%25%20of,to%20global%20warming%20to%20date.&amp;text=Flying%20is%20one%20of%20the,of%20the%20world's%20carbon%20emissions.\">global aviation contributes 2.5%<\/a> of the world\u2019s carbon emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uswitch.com\/mobiles\/studies\/mobile-statistics\/mobile-phone-market-statistics\/\">According to the price comparison company Uswitch<\/a>, Apple is by far the most popular mobile phone supplier in the UK, dominating 50% of the market in 2023, with Samsung trailing behind at 30% share.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the iPhone 17 arriving this autumn, can we bear the environmental costs of yet another incremental upgrade? Well, if we look at it from a CO<sub>2<\/sub> perspective, one top-spec iPhone 16 belches out 97kg of CO<sub>2<\/sub> from production to retirement, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/environment\/pdf\/products\/iphone\/iPhone_16_Pro_and_iPhone_16_Pro_Max_PER_Sept2024.pdf\">according to Apple<\/a>, this is the same as driving your car 225 miles from Birmingham to Penzance.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Harmful histories<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite Apple\u2019s public commitment to lowering its impact on the environment, the carbon footprint of the iPhone has risen by 76% since 2008.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"514\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-1024x514.png\" alt=\"Line graph showing the CO2 commissions since 2008.\" class=\"wp-image-1306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-1024x514.png 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-770x387.png 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-1536x772.png 1536w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-585x293.png 585w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-293x147.png 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-1400x703.png 1400w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008.png 1648w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"514\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-1024x514.png\" alt=\"Line graph showing the CO2 commissions since 2008.\" class=\"wp-image-1306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-1024x514.png 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-770x387.png 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-1536x772.png 1536w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-585x293.png 585w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-293x147.png 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008-1400x703.png 1400w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/VbalD-the-average-iphone-co2-emissions-since-2008.png 1648w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">To infinity and beyond? Apple&#8217;s recent emissions figures don&#8217;t show much improvement | Graph: Tommy Begley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Perhaps more startling is&nbsp;how many versions of the iPhone have been released since 2007 \u2014 a whopping 46 different models. This could rise to 51 by the end of 2025, with the (likely) five more iPhone 17 versions to come out in the next 12 months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, if we scale up and take into consideration all of the phones Apple has ever produced, the numbers get incomprehensibly vast. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/263402\/apples-iphone-revenue-since-3rd-quarter-2007\/?__sso_cookie_checker=failed#:~:text=The%20Apple%20iPhone%20is%20one,sales%20was%20over%2016%20percent.\">According to Statista<\/a>, Apple has produced over 1.5 billion iPhones. An average of 83kg of CO<sub>2<\/sub> produced per phone totals 124.5 billion kg of CO<sub>2<\/sub> since 2007, the same CO<sub>2<\/sub> produced as driving your car around the world forty-six <em>billion<\/em> times. Or driving for just under half a lightyear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"786\" height=\"618\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear.jpg 786w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear-770x605.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear-293x230.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"786\" height=\"618\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear.jpg 786w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear-770x605.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/half-a-lightyear-293x230.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Half a light year? | Image: Tommy Begley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Production pollution<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Apple\u2019s own statistics, on average 78% of these CO<sub>2&nbsp; <\/sub>emissions come from the production of the iPhone, only 3% from transportation and 18% from product use. This puts the onus on Apple rather than its customers to lower emissions to a more sustainable standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2020, Apple committed to reach zero net emissions by 2030. To do this, they say they are, \u201cCutting the majority of emissions through innovations in materials, clean energy and low-carbon shipping.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, since 2020, the year the iPhone 12 iterations were released, CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions have risen on average per unit. Since then, 19 new phones have been produced, with an average of 90kg CO<sub>2 <\/sub>per phone, 11kg CO<sub>2 <\/sub>higher than their pre-2020 average.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-1024x730.png\" alt=\"Image of a graph showing the apple 2030 commitment. \" class=\"wp-image-1309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-1024x730.png 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-770x549.png 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-293x209.png 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment.png 1240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-1024x730.png\" alt=\"Image of a graph showing the apple 2030 commitment. \" class=\"wp-image-1309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-1024x730.png 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-770x549.png 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment-293x209.png 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/03\/1o9gV-average-co2-per-iphone-before-and-after-apple-s-2030-commitment.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The difference in emissions before and after Apple&#8217;s commitment | Image: Tommy Begley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We reached out to Apple for comment on why this might be. However, they have yet to respond to our request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What can we mere mortals do to try and cut our contribution to this CO<sub>2 <\/sub>extravaganza? As previously mentioned, 78% of the iPhone\u2019s CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions come from production, not usage. Companies like Apple sell refurbished phones at a lower cost. However, they usually come with brand-new replacement batteries, screens and other parts. Through purchasing a refurbished phone, you\u2019re reducing the damage \u2013 but by buying a second-hand phone, you could reap some serious carbon savings over a phone fresh from the factory.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With over 46 different models, it\u2019s no surprise that iPhones are everywhere. But how environmentally friendly is the process of making them? You can buy a new one from a shop, pick up a used one online, or grab one from that drawer full of them in the kitchen. Mobile phones are everywhere; you can\u2019t escape their radiation, yet companies keep on making more. Regardless of how you got hold of your current blower, the journey from quarry to pocket [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1203,"featured_media":1320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[144,145,143],"coauthors":[103],"class_list":["post-1304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-breakdown","tag-carbon-dioxide","tag-environment","tag-iphones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1203"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1304"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1363,"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304\/revisions\/1363"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1304"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/ditch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}