{"id":72825,"date":"2022-02-24T15:27:54","date_gmt":"2022-02-24T15:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/?p=72825"},"modified":"2022-04-24T15:25:52","modified_gmt":"2022-04-24T14:25:52","slug":"mandarin-in-cardiff-a-heritage-in-decline-for-british-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/business-culture\/mandarin-in-cardiff-a-heritage-in-decline-for-british-chinese","title":{"rendered":"Learning Mandarin: whether it is a must for British-born Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>While British-born Chinese children are increasingly using English as their first language, their Chinese parents still habitually talk with them in Mandarin. How do these Chinese expatriates balance their children&#8217;s learning of two languages?&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"712\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123.jpg 950w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123-770x577.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123-293x220.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123.jpg 950w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123-770x577.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/123-293x220.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption>Some overseas Chinese parents take traditional Chinese festivals as a chance for their British-born children to learn Mandarin and Chinese culture<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Five-year-old British-born Chinese girl Cindy, dressed in a scarlet Chinese dress, said in fluent Mandarin, &#8220;I wish you all good luck and health, and a prosperous Year of the Tiger.&#8221; On the wall nearby hang two red couplets with Cindy&#8217;s Spring Festival greetings in neat calligraphy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cindy was celebrating Chinese New Year with her mother Sharon, who had lived here since 2001. Despite being away from the motherland for many years, the 38-year-old has a deep affection for Chinese culture and language, which is especially evident when she teaches her daughter Mandarin, traditional culture, poetry, and calligraphy. Talking to her daughter in Mandarin since she was born, Sharon deeply recognizes the importance of passing on the mother language to the next generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, parents like Sharon who teach their children Mandarin from an early age may be uncommon in Cardiff, although most of them still habitually talk with their children in Mandarin at home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMany overseas Chinese here mainly run Chinese restaurants and markets. They spend very little time with their children, let alone teaching them Mandarin,\u201d says Sharon, \u201cWhile their children spend most of their time in school, where they are completely exposed to English, it is not surprising that they are rusty in Mandarin.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is not only Chinese expatriates who are showing concern over Mandarin inheritance. In Cardiff, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imlmcardiff.wales\/\">International Mother Language Monument(IMLM) project<\/a> held its annual celebration on February 21st to promote mother language protection with expatriates from all over the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"534\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM.jpg 950w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM-770x433.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM-293x165.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM.jpg 950w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM-770x433.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/IMLM-293x165.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption>Royal Mayor Rod Mckerlich(left two) and Councilor Dilwar Ali(right two) joined IMLM to show their support for linguistic, cultural diversity, and multilingulism<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s important for every expat community to pass on its mother tongue to the next generation, they have cultural and linguistic ties to the mother country,\u201d said IMLM chair Anwar Ali.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, expatriates still face obstacles in passing on their mother tongues to the next generation. Ahmed, a Bangladeshi immigrant, said his children understood Bengali but could not speak it. \u201cThey understand me by hearing, but they answer me in English. That is why Bengali is being lost here.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe class=\"zeen-lazy-load-base zeen-lazy-load\" title=\"How to say &#039;Hello&#039; in eleven languages?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"about:blank\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mFLt5PrdJhY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><noscript><iframe title=\"How to say &#039;Hello&#039; in eleven languages?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mFLt5PrdJhY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n<\/div><figcaption>A multilingual video shows many expatrates in Cardiff still keep their native language<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This problem arises more prominent among the Chinese expatriates, the<a href=\"https:\/\/chineseinwales.org.uk\/zh-hans\/our-community\/\"> third-largest<\/a> ethnic minority group in Wales. Wu Xiumei, a Chinese restaurant owner from Dalian, China, finds that many children speak Mandarin with their parents at the dinner table, but when the children gather together, they only speak English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cParents expect their children to speak Mandarin more often, but because they are immersed in English all day long, they still use English as their first language, not Chinese,\u201d says Wu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liu Jing, a Mandarin teacher from China, says the lack of Mandarin courses in Cardiff specifically for British-born Chinese children is another reason why Mandarin is losing ground among Chinese expatriates from generation to generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere are many Mandarin courses for British people, such as Cardiff Confucius Institute providing Mandarin lessons and Chinese culture lecture series,\u201d says Liu. \u201cBut there are very few lessons for British-born Chinese.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liu launched a Mandarin course for British-born Chinese children in 2020, but terminated the course after only two academic years. She believes the difficulty of teaching such courses, and the low enrollment rate, are reasons for their unsustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Mandarin foundation of British-born Chinese students is uneven. Some children can\u2019t speak Chinese at all, but some mixed-race children can, so it is difficult to have a unified Chinese curriculum,\u201d says Liu. \u201cBesides, sometimes there are only 4-5 children at most in each class, the cost is too high to make a profit.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no shortage of Chinese communities in Cardiff which helps British-born Chinese children to learn Mandarin in a Chinese environment. However, according to Cardiff University\u2019s Ph.D. candidate Zhou Mengxing , also the mother of two kids born in Cardiff, many parents do not want their children to integrate into such communities because the areas with large Chinese communities in Cardiff and the UK are mostly lower-middle-class societies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"832\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-1024x832.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72904\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-1024x832.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-770x625.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-293x238.jpg 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"832\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-1024x832.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72904\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-1024x832.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-770x625.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311-293x238.jpg 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220224150311.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption>Zhou said a big problem with BBC children learning Chinese charcters is that they can read but cannot write<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMost well-educated Chinese parents expect their children to pursue elite careers as lawyers and doctors, so they think it gives more value to children\u2019s career development to learn more competitive skills such as computers and math than Mandarin,\u201d says Zhou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite this, Zhou believes that there is no problem with basic communication in Mandarin for those British-born children, given that mandarin is a \u201cheritage language\u201d they are born with and can learn quickly at an early age. \u201cMy husband and I communicate daily with our daughter in Mandarin. We don\u2019t deliberately teach her but she can naturally talk with us in simple Chinese.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zhou mentions that her 3-year-old daughter often shakes her head and says \u201cNo.\u201d \u201cI don\u2019t like it.\u201d in Mandarin to show strong emotion if she gives her something she doesn\u2019t like. However, Zhou says she does not expect her children to speak Mandarin as their first language as they grow older.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The inheritance of Chinese culture is even more impossible for Chinese children born in the UK, according to Zhou, who explains that it is difficult for them to develop in-depth identification with Chinese culture as they grow up and form values in the west.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nowadays, Sharon introduces her daughter to Chinese culture every week in the form of storytelling and teaching some Chinese songs and ballads. They also have weekly video calls with Cindy\u2019s grandparents in China, during which her grandmother teaches her first-grade Chinese textbooks online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But she is also aware that the western upbringing makes it a hindrance for her daughter to be proficient in Chinese unless she brings Cindy back to China and studies a Chinese-style education, which is also one choice for her daughter\u2019s future planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFor now, she can cope with this bilingual learning pattern, but for the future, I think it\u2019s up to her to decide which is her priority,\u201d says Sharon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72900\" width=\"369\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1.jpg 950w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1-691x1024.jpg 691w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1-770x1141.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1-293x434.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72900\" width=\"369\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1.jpg 950w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1-691x1024.jpg 691w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1-770x1141.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/intercardiff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/02\/66899-1-293x434.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption>Statistics about British Chinese in the UK<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As most British Born Chinese children  choose English as their first language, what is the future of Mandarin in Cardiff?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":809,"featured_media":72942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[981,187,1132],"coauthors":[1065],"class_list":["post-72825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-culture","tag-culture","tag-education","tag-language"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - 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