{"id":5867,"date":"2020-08-31T14:56:16","date_gmt":"2020-08-31T13:56:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.jomec.co.uk\/life360\/?p=5867"},"modified":"2020-09-10T09:44:45","modified_gmt":"2020-09-10T08:44:45","slug":"living-or-accompanying-choices-that-migrant-workers-families-have-to-make","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/living-or-accompanying-choices-that-migrant-workers-families-have-to-make\/","title":{"rendered":"For migrant workers, staying in the rural area means endless poverty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><em>Why did rural parents who moved to cities for employment make such a decision at the expense of their rewarding family life?<\/em><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is 9 PM and after a busy day it is time for&nbsp;Guozhen Wu to video&nbsp;call&nbsp;with her&nbsp;son,&nbsp;Xiaoshan.&nbsp;She is wearing&nbsp;her son&#8217;s favourite red dress as she&nbsp;sits on the sofa&nbsp;waiting for Xiaoshan&nbsp;to call. For Guozhen, this is&nbsp;the most anticipated moment of her day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Mum, the summer vacation is coming soon,&nbsp;and I want to spend&nbsp;with you and Dad. When will you come to pick me up?&#8221; Xiaoshan asks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guozhen said that her son looks forward to the summer vacation more so than any other time of the year.&nbsp;In the past, she&nbsp;would have taken&nbsp;Xiaoshan&nbsp;with them to&nbsp;Kunming, the city they are currently working in, for two months.&nbsp;However, this year they are unable to do this because of the pandemic. When he was told the bad news, Xiaoshan&nbsp;looked&nbsp;very unhappy&nbsp;and so&nbsp;Guozhen promised&nbsp;that the next time they see each other, she will take him to buy his favorite Spider-Man figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;I have&nbsp;not&nbsp;seen him for three months, and I miss my son so much,&#8221; Guozhen&nbsp;said.&nbsp;She then said,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;When I missed&nbsp;him&nbsp;before, I could only look at his picture on my phone. Now we can use WeChat to talk to him every day&nbsp;if he&nbsp;is&nbsp;not around us.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xiaoshan still lives and studies in his hometown with his grandparents, but his mother Guozhen and father, Wang Hao, live and work in Kunming, 500 kilometers away from Xiaoshan where they run and own a breakfast store.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Business is good for the family and this allows Guozhen&nbsp;to send 5,000 Chinese yuan (550 pounds) home every month to cover the living expenses for Xiaoshan and his grandparents. However, Guozhen still feels very helpless and sad that she has had to give up raising her son directly just to make money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;I made choices&nbsp;many times. Every time I return to my hometown to work because I cannot&nbsp;bear to leave my children&nbsp;alone.&nbsp;However, we could only earn 3,000 yuan&nbsp;(350 pounds) a month in my hometown, so we finally had to leave because the salary was insufficient to support our family, &#8220;Said Guozhen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6501\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-770x433.jpeg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-2048x1152.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-293x165.jpeg 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-1400x788.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6501\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-770x433.jpeg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-2048x1152.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-293x165.jpeg 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG652-1400x788.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption>There are mainly the elderly and children left in the countrysides. The slogan on the wall: welcome children.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A few years ago, Guozhen&#8217;s family owed a debt of 200,000 yuan (20 thousand pounds) from&nbsp;building&nbsp;a house in their hometown. In the past two years, Guozhen and her husband have had to move to many cities in search of a way to make more money. These unsettled living conditions have prevented them from taking their children along with them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guozhen has been looking forward to the day that&nbsp;their family&#8217;s financial&nbsp;situation will&nbsp;improve&nbsp;so&nbsp;her&nbsp;and her husband can return to their hometown to&nbsp;live with their son. &#8220;I hope that in the future we will be able to reunite as a family and we can take care of my parents who are in poor health, &#8220;said&nbsp;Guozhen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guozhen\u2019s family is just one family&nbsp;that has been forced to leave their&nbsp;elderly parents and children behind in order to make money. According to a survey conducted by the Research Office of the State Council of the People&#8217;s Republic of China&nbsp;in 2019, the number of rural workers in China had reached&nbsp;over 290 million, and the number of children left in these rural towns&nbsp;was 9.02 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"752\" height=\"452\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG620.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG620.png 752w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG620-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG620-293x176.png 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"752\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG620.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG620.png 752w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG620-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/WechatIMG620-293x176.png 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption>The number of migration workers is increasing by millions every year.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The main cause&nbsp;for&nbsp;such&nbsp;a significant&nbsp;number of rural labor workers&nbsp;trying to&nbsp;secure jobs in cities,&nbsp;is the huge gap between urban and rural per capita income. According to the data from National Bureau of Statistics in 2018, the urban per Capita residents&#8217; income was 2.7 times that of rural residents.&nbsp;Guozhen earns 7,000 yuan (\u00a3800) a month in the city, but only about 2,000-3,000 yuan (\u00a3250-\u00a3350) a month in the urban market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, for most rural&nbsp;workers&nbsp;their&nbsp;financial&nbsp;pressure is not the only reason for them to leave their children behind in the countryside. Whether their&nbsp;children can&nbsp;receive education in the city and which city offers&nbsp;the best educational conditions are also factors that affect their decision-making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a system called the Household Registration System&nbsp;(hukou) to limit migration within China. It divides Chinese&nbsp;society into urban and rural populations based on a person\u2019s place of birth.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People who are born with&nbsp;either&nbsp;form&nbsp;of hukou enjoy different aspects of social welfare.&nbsp;For example, people in cities can receive better education&nbsp;than those in rural areas.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;if the children of migrant workers want to attend the public school, which is free in the cities, they must obtain the urban hukou. That being said, it can be very&nbsp;difficult for migrant workers&nbsp;to obtain this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If a person does not have an&nbsp;urban hukou, the life and work of rural workers is troublesome. For Example, without the urban hukou, a person could easily lose their job as many&nbsp;companies are unwilling to spend the energy&nbsp;and money to provide them with hukou, leading to&nbsp;a vicious cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The peasant unions kept their children in the countryside not only because they cannot obtain the urban hukou, but because the education conditions in rural areas are good and often supported by the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;children&nbsp;studying&nbsp;in the countryside&nbsp;can get lunch for free&nbsp;and can have nutritional subsidies such as fruits and milk.&nbsp;Compared to illegal private schools in cities,&nbsp;teachers in rural primary schools are recruited through&nbsp;the local government. The life and educational conditions of our children can be guaranteed, so we feel relieved to leave them in the countryside,\u201d said Wang,&nbsp;a father of a boy who was left in his hometown as his parents moved away for work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-293x195.jpg 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1400x933.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-293x195.jpg 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6701599722311_.pic_hd-1400x933.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption>Free lunch for children studying in the countryside.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2019, the Chinese government invested 36 billion Chinese yuan in improving&nbsp;the conditions of rural schools,&nbsp;such as creating&nbsp;new school buildings and renovating&nbsp;current buildings. According to the Ministry of Education,&nbsp;families who suffer with financial difficulties&nbsp;have also received&nbsp;financial aid. Furthermore, a report issued by the General Office of the State Council in 2019 stated that since 2015, the government has supported rural teachers. To this date, the level of teaching and quality of life for rural teachers has been improved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Free education for children of rural workers within Chinese countryside towns is a great investment, allowing the children to eventually earn more money to support their family who currently live in&nbsp;the city. That is why most&nbsp;migrant workers have made the same decision&nbsp;to leave their children in the countryside. However,&nbsp;they must face the challenges and difficulties that go along with this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Every year we can only return&nbsp;home to accompany with my son during the Spring Festival.&nbsp;And I found that the personality of my son is quite different with before. He is so&nbsp;sensitive&nbsp;and does not want to talk to people.&nbsp;I think that he is much more introverted&nbsp;than before, &#8220;said Guozhen.&nbsp;She thinks that it might be because they unavoidably give less attention to Xiaoshan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xiaoyang Chen, a teacher in a rural primary school has created a survey that explores the effects of children being separated from their parents due to city work on their&nbsp;mental health. The survey found that&nbsp;70% of these children feel lonely and 50% of them would feel anxious about their future and their parents.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;In addition to studying in the school, many students in our class have to take on family responsibilities at a young age&nbsp;to take care of their grandparents&nbsp;and younger brothers and sisters&nbsp;at home. They have to do things such as cooking and cleaning. Hence, many of them seem more mature than other children, which makes me&nbsp;heartbreaking,&#8221;&nbsp;Said the teacher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-770x433.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-293x165.jpg 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-1400x788.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-770x433.jpg 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-293x165.jpg 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/6511599584723_.pic_hd-1400x788.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption>After school, rural children were also responsible for herding the cattle.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Being there to watch your children grow is an important part of a parent\u2019s life, yet rural workers must make a very difficult choice when they move away for work. Traditional Chinese culture&nbsp;within the family dynamic is&nbsp;set to give priority to their children&#8217;s education and future.&nbsp;The main reason for&nbsp;rural&nbsp;parents working away from home&nbsp;is to gain enough money to&nbsp;put their children through school, according to Bin&nbsp;Li, professor and director of the Behavioral and Experimental Economics Research Center at the China University of Finance and Economics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Rural&nbsp;workers\u2019&nbsp;pay little attention to life satisfaction and happiness, which are basically seen by them as the inevitable price of high income,&#8221;&nbsp;said professor Li.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But Professor Jingyi&nbsp;Meng, who specialises in behavioral economics at Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, has a different view. She called the income needs of rural&nbsp;workers and the need to accompany their children a &#8220;dilemma.&#8221; She said that current literature found that making money for parents can increase their happiness to a certain extent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, as to whether China&#8217;s economic development has influenced the decision of more rural workers&nbsp;to move to cities&nbsp;for employment, Professor Meng believes that China&#8217;s economic success and the &#8220;dilemma&#8221; are symbiotic, and it is impossible to judge who is the cause or the result. This argument is further supported by Professor Li. He&nbsp;believes that Chinese families often make decisions&nbsp;rationally and that&nbsp;their economic behaviors are optimised choices under the constraints of cultural and social norms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;The issue&nbsp;may be about whether the changes in China bring about changes in social culture and social norms, leading to change human behavior. I think change is happening, but it is not a big one. Going out to work is a very rational choice&nbsp;for them. When the expected net benefit of going out to work is lower than the opportunity cost, farmers will not choose moving to cities for employment, &#8221;&nbsp;Professor Li&nbsp;said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guozhen knows exactly what her decision represents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u201cWe cannot earn money where our children can go to school, and our children cannot get an education where we can earn money. This is a serious problem that all rural workers must deal with.&nbsp;For my child to get an education, leaving him in the countryside was a decision I had to make, &#8221;&nbsp;Guozhen said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Click the video to know about the route of migration of rural workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe class=\"zeen-lazy-load-base zeen-lazy-load\" title=\"Where do Chinese migrant workers come from and where do they work?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"about:blank\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Z6-ESzzAEMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><noscript><iframe title=\"Where do Chinese migrant workers come from and where do they work?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Z6-ESzzAEMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"3094\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120.png 1600w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-155x300.png 155w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-770x1489.png 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-530x1024.png 530w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-794x1536.png 794w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-1059x2048.png 1059w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-293x567.png 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-1400x2707.png 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"3094\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120.png 1600w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-155x300.png 155w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-770x1489.png 770w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-530x1024.png 530w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-794x1536.png 794w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-1059x2048.png 1059w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-293x567.png 293w, https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/life360\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/09\/the-spring-fest_48557120-1400x2707.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why did rural parents who moved to cities for employment make such a decision at the expense of their rewarding family life?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":6499,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorised"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - 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