{"id":1108,"date":"2014-02-04T09:12:31","date_gmt":"2014-02-04T09:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/?p=1108"},"modified":"2014-02-04T09:12:31","modified_gmt":"2014-02-04T09:12:31","slug":"work-to-be-done-in-development-of-cancer-drug","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/thecardiffian\/2014\/02\/04\/work-to-be-done-in-development-of-cancer-drug\/","title":{"rendered":"Work to be done in development of cancer drug"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0362.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1103\" alt=\"Dr Richard Clarkson\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0362-768x1024.jpg\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1103\" alt=\"Dr Richard Clarkson\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0362-768x1024.jpg\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><br \/>\n<!--\n\/* Font Definitions *\/\n@font-face\n{font-family:\"\uff2d\uff33 \u660e\u671d\";\nmso-font-charset:78;\nmso-generic-font-family:auto;\nmso-font-pitch:variable;\nmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\n@font-face\n{font-family:\"\uff2d\uff33 \u660e\u671d\";\nmso-font-charset:78;\nmso-generic-font-family:auto;\nmso-font-pitch:variable;\nmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\n@font-face\n{font-family:Cambria;\npanose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;\nmso-font-charset:0;\nmso-generic-font-family:auto;\nmso-font-pitch:variable;\nmso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}\n\/* Style Definitions *\/\np.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\n{mso-style-unhide:no;\nmso-style-qformat:yes;\nmso-style-parent:\"\";\nmargin:0cm;\nmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\nmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\nfont-size:12.0pt;\nfont-family:Cambria;\nmso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;\nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\nmso-fareast-font-family:\"\uff2d\uff33 \u660e\u671d\";\nmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\nmso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;\nmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\nmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n.MsoChpDefault\n{mso-style-type:export-only;\nmso-default-props:yes;\nfont-family:Cambria;\nmso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;\nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\nmso-fareast-font-family:\"\uff2d\uff33 \u660e\u671d\";\nmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\nmso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;\nmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\nmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n@page WordSection1\n{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;\nmargin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;\nmso-header-margin:36.0pt;\nmso-footer-margin:36.0pt;\nmso-paper-source:0;}\ndiv.WordSection1\n{page:WordSection1;}\n--><strong>\u201cMy dad always says \u2018did you see the thing in the paper?\u00a0 We\u2019ve cured cancer again!\u2019\u201d<\/strong><br \/>\nDr Richard Clarkson is sitting in one of the big red chairs in Cardiff University\u2019s Hadyn Ellis Building, home of the European Stem Cell Research Institute (ESCRI). He is a senior lecturer at the university\u2019s School of Biosciences.<br \/>\nNew research from the ECSRI appears to have identified a gene that spreads cancer. Moreover, they seem to have found a compound that inhibits this function.<br \/>\nA drug that prevents the spread of cancer? Dr Clarkson was more cautious. He\u2019s been misquoted before.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0359.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1100\" alt=\"Doctor Richard Clarkson\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0359-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1100\" alt=\"Doctor Richard Clarkson\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0359-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/><\/noscript><\/a>Dr Clarkson has been working to halt the spread of breast cancer before it can spread through the body to vital organs.<br \/>\nThe culprit is the B-cell Lymphoma 3 (or BCL3) gene. The first stage of Dr Clarkson\u2019s research identified a novel function of the gene \u2013 helping cancer stem cells to migrate around the body.<br \/>\n\u201cThe next big step,\u201d said Dr Clarkson, \u201cis to think, well, are we actually going to do anything about it? Are we going to be able to stop the way that the gene works?\u201d<br \/>\n\u201cThere are cancer stem cells within all tumours,\u201d Dr Clarkson continued. \u201cAnd cancer stem cells are a very small minority of cells within any given tumour that have the capability of spreading around the body, causing what we call metastasis.\u201d<br \/>\nMetastasis is the process by which cancer spreads. It\u2019s particularly dangerous when cancerous stem cells migrate to major organs.<br \/>\nWith BCL3\u2019s function identified, the team were able to begin the second stage of their research.<br \/>\nWorking in collaboration with Dr Andrew Westwell and Dr Andrea Brancale of the Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Clarkson created an intricate computer model of BCL3.<br \/>\nThe team then bombarded the BCL3 model with 360 thousand virtual chemical compounds until they found one that would naturally stick. Eventually, their work paid off.<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0364.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-1105\" alt=\"SAM_0364\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0364-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-1105\" alt=\"SAM_0364\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0364-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><br \/>\nThey finally identified a compound that successfully stuck to and inhibited the BCL3, and were then able to start thinking of ways in which it could be used in therapy, perhaps as a course of injections or taken orally in tablets.<br \/>\nWhat could Dr Clarkson say about this compound?<br \/>\n\u201cWe have intellectual property over it,\u201d he laughed. \u201cAll I can tell you is that it sticks very avidly to the BCL3 protein and prevents that protein interaction.\u201d<br \/>\nDr Clarkson\u2019s reticence is understandable. Because of the high costs of bringing a drug to market (Dr Clarkson estimates it could take anything from \u00a3360 million to \u00a31 billion to make this compound commercially available \u2013 a relatively small amount compared to some other drugs), researchers must rely on private investment to pay the bills. A patent is a very important thing in biomedicine.<br \/>\nThe project was initially funded by Bio Vitas, a capital investment firm that specialises in biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. Bio Vitas then set up a shell group, Tiziana Pharmaceuticals, to help develop the product.<br \/>\nSo, how long is it likely to be before this compound is available to the public?<br \/>\n\u201cThe first time it goes into a patient \u2013 into a person \u2013 will be in about two years time,\u201d said Dr Clarkson.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cHowever, having said that, I think we have got to be very cautious about the expectation of getting this drug into trials.\u00a0 Statistics would say we have roughly a ten per cent chance at this stage of developing this drug and actually getting it into a patient.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Even then, Dr Clarkson and his colleagues must demonstrate that the drug has enough impact at low doses and that it remains safe for human consumption before it can be made available to the public. There is still a lot of work to be done.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0356.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1097\" alt=\"Dr Richard Clarkson\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0356-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1097\" alt=\"Dr Richard Clarkson\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/SAM_0356-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/><\/noscript><\/a>Tests on animal models have completely inhibited metastasis and the compound has not had toxic effects \u2013 but this doesn\u2019t absolutely guarantee it\u2019ll behave the same way in human subjects.<br \/>\nDr Clarkson said if fully realised, the compound could be used to halt the spread of the cancer while traditional treatments, like chemotherapy, could then be brought in to treat the existing tumours. Rather than a cure \u2013 the compound would provide a way of freezing the tumour at an early stage before it can become dangerous.<br \/>\n\u201cWe are extremely optimistic but, naturally, as scientists, we realise there are a number of hurdles yet to get through,\u201d Dr Clarkson said.<br \/>\n\u201cMy own personal opinion is that the drug is highly effective. It\u2019s specific, it acts specifically, it appears to have extremely low toxicity, so my own expectation is that the drug will be fine.\u201d<br \/>\nHe took a sip of coffee and settled back into his chair.<br \/>\n\u201cHowever,\u201d he added with a smile, putting down his coffee cup. \u201cI am very often wrong.\u201d<br \/>\n<!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('audio');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-1108-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/dr-richard-clarkson1.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/dr-richard-clarkson1.mp3\">http:\/\/cardiffian.jomec.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/dr-richard-clarkson1.mp3<\/a><\/audio><br \/>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cMy dad always says \u2018did you see the thing in the paper?\u00a0 We\u2019ve cured cancer again!\u2019\u201d Dr Richard Clarkson is sitting in one of the big red chairs in Cardiff University\u2019s Hadyn Ellis Building, home of the European Stem Cell Research Institute (ESCRI). He is a senior lecturer at the university\u2019s School of Biosciences. New research from the ECSRI appears to have identified a gene that spreads cancer. Moreover, they seem to have found a compound that inhibits this function. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":248,"featured_media":1103,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[414,1772,415,265,1773,1774,13,316,1775,1776,419],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-1108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-longer-reads","tag-cancer","tag-cancer-drugs","tag-cancer-research","tag-cardiff-university","tag-clarkson","tag-doctor-richard-clarkson","tag-health","tag-science","tag-scientist","tag-stem-cell-research","tag-world-cancer-day"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Work to be done in development of cancer drug - The Cardiffian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cardiffjournalism.co.uk\/thecardiffian\/2014\/02\/04\/work-to-be-done-in-development-of-cancer-drug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Work to be done in development of cancer drug - The Cardiffian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cMy dad always says \u2018did you see the thing in the paper?\u00a0 We\u2019ve cured cancer again!\u2019\u201d Dr Richard Clarkson is sitting in one of the big red chairs in Cardiff University\u2019s Hadyn Ellis Building, home of the European Stem Cell Research Institute (ESCRI). 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